Before I begin today's post I must start off with a few definitions that will help to make the following entry more easily understood.
Periodization an approach to conditioning that brings about peak performance while reducing injuries and overtraining in the athlete through a training and conditioning program that is followed throughout the various seasons.
These seasons then are broken up into Macrocycles referred to as off-season, pre-season, and in-season.
The Macrocycles are then broken up into Mesocycles divided into the Transition, Preparatory, and Competition Periods.
Transition Period - Ranges from the last Competition through the early off-season. A time to physically and mentally decompress.
Preparatory Period - Ranges from the off-season through the preseason. This is where your training for competition begins. Preparation for the actual competitions through hypertrophy, endurance, strength, and power training.
Competition Period - When you compete in games/events and take part in Skill Training.
Cross Training - Training for a specific sport by substituting other activities that have similar values of the original sport.
Where I live, in Rockland County NY, you always see people pushing for the Three Sport Athlete. In high school all I could remember was hearing, you should be a Three Sport Athlete. I was looked down on by my coaches for not partaking in three sports. And I always asked, why? Why aren't two sports enough? Why can't I just specialize at one sport? What makes participating in three sports so great?
Simply answered, our society encourages people to be "well-rounded." So we push our children to be well-rounded athletes. Playing three different sports leads an individual to be constantly active and doing new things. In theory it keeps the athlete mentally refreshed, leading them to not focus on just one thing all of the time.
I agree with the concept of the Three Sport Athlete. You want to push children to be good at everything and to try new things. However, I don't believe in the Three Sport Athlete. If an athlete excels at one sport in particular, then why force them to partake in two other sports. This especially holds true if the athlete in question is ineffective at the other two sports. I find that pressuring an individual to partake in three sports is overbearing, especially if the only purpose is to "keep them active." There are many ways to stay active, yet not participate in multiple sports, with multiple coaches, leading to multiple stresses.
This leads to my idea of the Two Sport Athlete. A true athlete should only be partaking in two sports, the one they excel in, and another that they love or enjoy playing. This thought process follows along with the concept of Periodization. The athlete is using the second sport, their off-season, as a mental break from their true sport. However, they are still cross training, just not performing workouts specific to their sport. Therefore, this second sport should take place in the season following their number one sport.
Most educated coaches will prefer the effects of a Cross-Training effort and push their athletes to compete in another sport following their season. By following periodization, training in a different sport will be beneficial during the transitional and early preparatory periods. The added variety to the training regimes will lead to a happier, more refreshed athlete. Diversifying himself or herself will lead an athlete to have fun with their off-season "training."
To compete in another sport during the focal sport's preseason, the athlete will have defeated the purpose of having a preseason. The preparatory period for the upcoming sport will have been disrupted by the rigors of the current season they are participating in. This type of setback will limit them and in turn disrupt the competition period, where they should be peaking physically.
In conclusion, don't force upon the athletes competition in three sports. Two sports is perfectly enough, and in my opinion ideal. Feel free to disagree.